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Monolithic architecture

Monolithic architecture

Monolithic architecture refers to a software design pattern in which a single, large codebase contains all the functionalities and components of an application. This unified codebase includes all the layers of the application, such as the presentation layer, business logic layer, and data access layer. The main characteristics of a monolithic architecture are:

Monolithic architecture

  • 1. Single Codebase: All the functionalities of the application are contained in a single codebase.
  • 2. Tight Coupling: Components are tightly coupled, meaning changes in one part of the application can affect other parts.
  • 3. Single Deployment: The entire application is deployed as a single unit.
  • 4. Shared Database: Typically, there is a single database shared by all parts of the application.

Advantages:

  • 1. Simple Development: Easier to develop initially because everything is in one place.
  • 2. Easy Testing: Testing is straightforward since all components are together.
  • 3. Simple Deployment: Deployment is simpler since there’s only one application to deploy.

Disadvantages:

  • 1. Scalability Issues: Difficult to scale parts of the application independently.
  • 2. Maintenance Challenges: As the application grows, maintaining the codebase becomes more challenging.
  • 3. Deployment Risks: Any change, no matter how small, requires redeploying the entire application.
  • 4. Tight Coupling: High coupling between components makes the application less flexible.

Java Example

  • Scenario: An e-commerce application with functionalities like user management, product catalog, and order processing.
  • Monolithic Approach:
  • 1. Single Codebase:
    • All functionalities are implemented in one project.

Syntax
```java
// User Management
public class UserService {
    public User getUserById(String id) {
        // Logic to get user by ID
    }
}

// Product Catalog
public class ProductService {
    public Product getProductById(String id) {
        // Logic to get product by ID
    }
}

// Order Processing
public class OrderService {
    public Order createOrder(Order order) {
        // Logic to create order
    }
}

// Main Application
public class ECommerceApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Start the application
    }
}
```

  • 2. Tight Coupling:
    • Changes in `UserService` might affect `OrderService` or `ProductService`.

  • 3. Single Deployment:
    • The entire application is packaged and deployed as a single unit (e.g., a WAR or JAR file).

Syntax
Deployment:
```bash
Build and deploy the application
mvn clean package
java -jar ecommerce-application.jar
```

Explanation

  • UserService: Manages user-related operations.
  • ProductService: Manages product-related operations.
  • OrderService: Manages order-related operations.
  • ECommerceApplication: The main entry point to start the application.

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